Toxicokinetics versus pi-tarmacokinetics of oral anabolic steroids abused in doping practice

Despite the high prevalence of toxicological profile of oral anabolic steroids, laboratory investigations on toxicokinetic profile of anabolic steroids overdoses have been largely unknown and underestimated. In the present study toxicokinetics of methyltestosterone and testosterone undecanoate were studied in male adult rats after oral administration of single toxic dose to explore possible alteratiolls in their pharmacokinetic behavior in comparison to their corresponding parameters at therapeutic doses. The extraction methods adapted for plasma samples showed mean recoveries of 87.4+0.19% and 103.5 +/- 0.1% for methyltestosterone and testosterone undecanoate respectively. Inter- and intra-day precision were 2.4 -8.7% coefficient of variance [CV.], and 4.3 -2.8% [CV.] for methyltestosterone and testosterone undecanoate respectively. Plasma concentrations measured by high performance liquid chromatography method was applied for the analysis of both methyltestosterone and testosterone undecanoate with high sensitivity and low detection limit of 1ng/ml. The pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using non-compartmental method. Both drugs showed non-linear pharmacokinetic behavior represented in disproportional increase in C[max], AUC[0-infinity] and increase in V, CI, t1/2 and lambda. The present data indicate accumulation of steroids in tissues leading to severe toxicological consequences

Levels of total, reduced, oxidized co-enzyme Q[10] and alpha-tocopherol [vitamin E] in plasma of type 1 diabetic children

Increased oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant defense have been implicated in the pathogenesis of type I diabetes mellitus [IDDM] and in the development of its acute and chronic complications. to studty the levels of reduced co-enzyme Q[10] [Co-Q[10]]H[2], oxidized co-enzyme Q[10] [Co-Q[10]], total co-enzyme Q[10] [TCo-Q[10]] and alpha-tocopherol, in children with uncomplicated IDDM. 20 children with uncomplicated IDDM and 10 controls. In cases ages ranged between [7 - 20 years], 9 were males and 11 were females. High performance liquid chromatography [HPLC] methods were used for simultaneous detection of oxidized co-enzyme Q[10] [Co-Q[10]] and alpha-tocopherol in human plasma with ultraviolet [UV] detector, and for estimation of reduced co-enzyme Q[10] [Co-Q[10]H[2]] using per-column reduction with electrochemical detector [ECD]. There was a significant decrease of Co-Q[10]H[2] /TCo-Q[10] percentage in IDDM children compared to controls. There was a significant increase of Co-Q[10] / TCo-Q[10] percentage and alpha-tocopherol in IDDM group compared to controls. There was no significant difference in the level of Co-Q[10]H[2] and TCo-Q[10] in IDDM group compared to controls. No significant correlation has been found between TCo-Q[10] and alpha-tocopherol versus glycosylated Hb [Hb A[IC]%. There is increased oxidative stress in children with uncomplicated IDDM as shown by the decreased Co-Q[10]H[2]/ TCo-Q[10] percentage and the increased Co-Q[10] / TCo-Q[10] percentage. Not all 'antioxidant parameters are decreased in children with uncomplicated IDDM as shown by the increased level of alpha-tocopherol which may be regarded as an adaptation of the antioxidant defense system to chronic oxidative stress. Estimation of Co-Q[10]H[2]/ TCo-Q[10] percentage as index of oxidative stress using the above HPLC methodology has a useful clinical application

Postmortem endogenous production of ethanol in albino rabbit

This study was carried out to evaluate the endogenous postmortem [PM] ethanol production in Albino rabbit. Fifty-four adult male new-zeland rabbits were divided into three equal groups, 18 animals each. All groups were subjected to intra-peritoneal [IP] injection of 20 ml normal saline for group I [control], 20 ml of 50% glucose [G] for group II, and 2g/kg of 50% ethanol [E] [weight/volume] for group III. Sixty minutes after injection, all animals were sacrificed and left to putrefy for 24 ours at room temperature. Blood [B], vitreous humor [V] and urine [U] samples ere collected from each animal at 3 time intervals; I-Before commencing the experiment [0 time]: a blood sample was collected to determine blood glucose concentration [BGC-0] and Blood Ethanol Concentration [BEC-0]. 2-Sixty minutes after injection [just after animal sacrifice]: blood and vitreous humor samples to determine [BGC-60], [BEC-60] and [VEC-60] 3-Twenty-four hours postmortem blood, vitreous humor and urine samples to determine [BEC-24]. [VEC-24] and [UEC-24]. The results showed that there is a postmortem production of ethanol. In group I, the concentration of blood ethanol produced PM ranged from 0-42 mg/dL. In group II [glucose dosed group], this concentration ranged from 7-90 mg/dL. In group three [ethanol dosed group] BEC-24 was significantly higher than BEC-60. On the other hand, a positive correlation was found between BECF-60 and VEC-60, BEC-60 and VEC-24 and BEC-60 and UEC-24 in the ethanol dosed group. Furthermore, in the ethanol dosed group also, the ratio between UEC-24; BEC-60 was 1.236: 1, UEC-24: BEC-24 was 1.212: 1, UEC-24: VEC-24 was 1.219: I and UEC-24; VEC-60 was 1.161:1